乳糜管

乳糜管 Lacteal
人类小肠肠绒毛的横切面. X 350. a. 被缩小的基底膜远离上皮细胞 b. 乳糜管 c. 柱状上皮. d. 其条纹边界 e. 杯状细胞 f. 上皮组织的白细胞 f’. 上皮组织下的白细胞 g. 血管 h. 肌肉细胞 穿过
小肠绒毛，可见血管和淋巴管。
解剖學術語

乳糜管是可以吸收小肠肠绒毛中饮食脂肪的淋巴毛细血管。

甘油三酯通过脂肪酶、胆汁和水解乳化，产生脂肪酸、甘油二酯和甘油单酯的混合物[1]。

已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。

These then pass from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte, where they are re-esterified to form triglyceride. The triglyceride is then combined with phospholipids, cholesterol ester, and apolipoprotein B48 to form chylomicrons. These chylomicrons then pass into the lacteals, forming a milky substance known as chyle. The lacteals merge to form larger lymphatic vessels that transport the chyle to the thoracic duct where it is emptied into the bloodstream at the subclavian vein.[2][3]

At this point, the fats are in the bloodstream in the form of chylomicrons. Once in the blood, chylomicrons are subject to delipidation by lipoprotein lipase. Eventually, enough lipid has been lost and additional apolipoproteins gained, that the resulting particle (now referred to as a chylomicron remnant) can be taken up by the liver. From the liver, the fat released from chylomicron remnants can be re-exported to the blood as the triglyceride component of very low-density lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoproteins are also subject to delipidation by vascular lipoprotein lipase, and deliver fats to tissues throughout the body. In particular, the released fatty acids can be stored in adipose cells as triglycerides. As triglycerides are lost from very low-density lipoproteins, the lipoprotein particles become smaller and denser (since protein is denser than lipid) and ultimately become low-density lipoproteins. A great deal has been written about low-density lipoproteins because they are thought to be atherogenic.

Note that in contrast to any other route of absorption from the small intestine, the lymphatic system avoids first pass metabolism.

参考资料

1. Young, Barbara & Wheater, Paul (编). . Elsevier Health Sciences. 2006: 279 [2019-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-443-06850-8. （原始内容存档于2019-09-09）.
2. Newsholme, Eric & Leech, Anthony. . John Wiley & Sons. 2009: 79 [2019-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-471-98820-5. （原始内容存档于2019-09-05）.
3. Montague, Susan E. et al (编). . Elsevier. 2005: 502 [2019-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-7020-2676-8. （原始内容存档于2019-09-10）.

外部链接

• 波士顿大学上的组织学： 11705loa - "117. Digestive System: Alimentary Canal jejunum, central lacteals "