墨头鱼属

墨頭魚屬（学名：Garra）为輻鰭魚綱鯉形目鲤科[1]野鲮亚科（Labeoninae）[2][3]的一個屬，常用於水族缸內以清除缸內生長的藍藻。儘管本屬物種的絕大部份（超過100個物種）原生於亞洲，當中有五分之一物種分佈於非洲（但只限於東中及西非，不包括北非及南非洲），當中以埃塞俄比亞的物種多樣性最高。

墨头鱼属
Garra rufa
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目：	鲤形目 Cypriniformes
科：	鲤科 Cyprinidae
亚科：	野鲮亚科 Labeoninae
属：	墨头鱼属 Garra F. Hamilton, 1822
模式种
Garra rufa Heckel, 1843
異名
Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912 Brachygramma Day, 1865 Discognathichthys Bleeker, 1860 Discognathus Heckel, 1843 Lissorhynchus Bleeker, 1860 Mayoa Day, 1870 Placocheilus Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He, 1977 Platycara McClelland, 1838

本屬由蘇格蘭自然學家弗朗西斯·布坎南-汉密尔顿（）於1822年建立，作為鯉屬之下的一個亞屬，未有指定模式屬。

物種

Garra blanfordii

Garra cambodgiensis resembles to Crossocheilus siamensis

Garra makiensis

現時本屬有物種122種，分別如下：

Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921 Garra aethiopica Pellegrin, 1927 Garra allostoma T. R. Roberts, 1990 Garra alticaputus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [4] Garra annandalei Hora, 1921 (Annandale garra) Garra apogon Norman, 1925 Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [5] Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009 Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 G. b. barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 G. b. shawkahensis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 Garra bibarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920 (Tunga garra) Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [5] Garra bisangularis Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu & H. Xiao, 2010 Garra bispinosa E. Zhang, 2005 Garra blanfordii Boulenger, 1901 Garra borneensis Vaillant, 1902 Garra bourreti Pellegrin, 1928 Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983 Garra cambodgiensis Tirant, 1883 (Cambodian logsucker) Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker) Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [6] Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010 Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998 Garra congoensis Poll, 1959 (Congo logsucker) Garra cyclostomata Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000 Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 [7] Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra dembeensis Rüppell, 1835 (Cameroon logsucker) Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987 Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [8] Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958 Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937 Garra findolabium F. L. Li, W. Zhou & Q. Fu, 2008 Garra fisheri Fowler, 1937 Garra flavatra S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934 Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982 (Jordanian logsucker) Garra gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830 G. g. gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830 (Sucker head) G. g. stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849 (Nilgiris garra) Garra gracilis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936 Garra gravelyi Annandale, 1919 Garra hainanensis Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983 Garra hindii Boulenger, 1905 Garra hughi Silas, 1955 (Cardamon garra) Garra ignestii Gianferrari, 1925 Garra imbarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 Garra imberba Garman, 1912 Garra imberbis Vinciguerra, 1890 Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014 [9] Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993 Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 [10] Garra kempi Hora, 1921 (Kemp garra) Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [11] Garra kimini Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [4] Garra laichowensis V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969 Garra lamta F. Hamilton, 1822 Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960 Garra lautior Banister, 1987

Garra lissorhynchus McClelland, 1842 (Khasi garra) Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993 Garra longipinnis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013 [12] Garra makiensis Boulenger, 1904 Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983 Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988 Garra mcclellandi Jerdon, 1849 (Cauvery garra) Garra menoni Rema Devi & Indra, 1984 Garra micropulvinus W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005 Garra minimus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [4] Garra mirofrontis X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987 Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [8] Garra mullya Sykes, 1839 (Mullya garra) Garra naganensis Hora, 1921 (Naga garra) Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005 Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 [13][14] Garra nasuta McClelland, 1838 (Nose logsucker) Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 [15] Garra nigricauda Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [4] Garra nigricollis S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra notata Blyth, 1860 (Tenasserim garra) Garra nujiangensis Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009 Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925 Garra ornata Nichols & Griscom, 1917 Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [16] Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005 Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001 Garra persica L. S. Berg, 1914 Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933 (Philipps' garra) Garra poecilura S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra poilanei Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933 Garra propulvinus S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra qiaojiensis H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977 Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [5] Garra quadrimaculata Rüppell, 1835 Garra rakhinica S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra robertsi R. J. Thoni & Mayden, 2015 [17] Garra rossica A. M. Nikolskii, 1900 Garra rotundinasus E. Zhang, 2006 Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Reddish logsucker) Garra rupecula McClelland, 1839 (Mishmi garra) Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983 G. s. gharbia Krupp, 1983 G. s. sahilia Krupp, 1983 Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934 Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009 Garra spilota S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996 Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra tengchongensis E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2002 Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998 Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941 [9] Garra trewavasai Monod, 1950 Garra tyao Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [11] Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [6] Garra variabilis Heckel, 1843 Garra vittatula S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 [18] Garra wanae Regan, 1914 Garra waterloti Pellegrin, 1935 Garra yiliangensis H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977

参考文獻

1. Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Garra ignestii in FishBase. 2011年12月版本
2. . 科学网. 2010-12-06 [2010-12-06].
3. Zheng, Lan-Ping; Yang, Jun-Xing; Chen, Xiao-Yong; Wang, Wei-Ying. . 2010-09-10. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00441.x.
4. Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Morphological diagnoses of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from North-Eastern India with four new species description from Brahmaputra River. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4 (3): 121-138.
5. Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 97-120.
6. Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India, with notes on some nominal Garra species of the Himalayan foothills. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4): 305-321.
7. Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana (2013): Garra dampaensis, a new ray-finned fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. 页面存档备份，存于 Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (9): 4368–4377.
8. Kurup, B.M. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2011): Two new cyprinid fishes under the genus Garra (Hamilton) from Kerala, Southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (3) [2010]: 220-223.
9. Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014): Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 223-236.
10. Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2012): Garra kalpangi, a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India. 页面存档备份，存于 Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4 (2): 2353–2362.
11. Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2014): Two new Species of Garra from Mizoram, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and A General Comparative Analyses of Indian Garra. Species, 10 (24): 58-78.
12. Tamang, L. (2013): Garra magnidiscus, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 31-40.
13. Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN Zoology), 2012: 1-6.
14. Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Validation of Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 10-10.
15. Arunachalam, M. & Nandagopal, S. (2014): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Nethravathi River, Western Ghats, India. Species, 10 (24): 43-57.
16. Arunachalam, M., Raja, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Garra palaruvica, a new cyprinid fish (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kerala, Western Ghats, peninsular India. International Journal of Zoology Research, 3 (1): 62-68.
17. Thoni, R.J. & Mayden, R.L. (2015): Garra robertsi, a new cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) fish species from Borneo. Zootaxa, 3985 (2): 284–290.
18. Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. (2014): Garra waensis, a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3790 (4): 543–554.

外部連結

維基共享資源中与墨头鱼属相關的分類 維基物種中有關墨头鱼属的數據