椰子红环腐线虫

椰子红环腐线虫（学名：），又名椰子细桿滑刃线虫，是椰树和油棕的一種常見的寄生虫，屬於迁移型内寄生线虫[1]。這種寄生蟲會令其所寄生的樹有椰子紅輪病[1]。

椰子红环腐线虫
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	线虫动物门 Nematoda
纲：	胞管腎綱 Secernentea
目：	滑刃目 Aphelenchida
科：	寄生滑刃科 Parasitaphelenchidae
属：	傘滑刃屬 Bursaphelenchus
种：	椰子红环腐线虫 B. cocophilus
二名法
Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
異名
Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus[1]

型態特徵

成虫体细长，长约1毫米，雌虫尾部近圆锥形，末端圆；雄虫尾部似鸟爪，向腹面弯曲[2]。 這種線蟲的顯著特徵是從J2到成熟的發育良好的元細胞，成年人的短探針11-15μm，成年人的長度通常為1mm。 女性的外陰位於距離身體三分二之處，有一個陰部皮瓣。 女性有一個長的後期子宮囊和一個圓形的尾巴。 男性在尾部區域有七個乳頭，不同的針狀體，以及形狀像鏟子的囊[3]。

已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。

The distinguishing characteristics of this nematode are a well-developed metacorpus from J2 through adult, a short stylet 11-15 μm in adults, adults typically 1mm in length. Females have the vulva located two-thirds body length and have a vulval flap. Females have a long post uterine sac and a rounded tail. Males have seven papillae in the tail region, distinct spicules, and bursa shaped as a spade.

分佈與棲息地

分佈於中南美洲，也見於部分加勒比地区的島嶼[4]。

生命週期

紅環線蟲遵循典型的植物寄生生命週期，在成為成蟲之前具有四次蛻皮。 整個生命週期持續大約十天。 生存階段是J3。 [4]這種線蟲的傳播取決於它與其媒介的關係。

已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。

The red ring nematode follows a typical plant parasitic life cycle, having 4 molts before becoming an adult. The whole life cycle lasts approximately ten days. The survival stage is the J3[5]。 The dissemination of this nematode depends on its relationship with its vector.

Insect vector relationship

The vector, Rhynchophorus palmarum (the South American palm weevil), carries the J3 stage to healthy palms. Female weevils are internally infested around the oviducts, when they lay their eggs in the palm they also disseminate the nematode.[6]

Host-parasite relationship

The symptoms produced by this nematode are chlorosis beginning in the oldest leaves and a distinct red/brownish ring in the trunk of the tree.

經濟影響

這種線蟲在經濟上可造成高達80%的損失，然而，椰樹和油棕的損失一般在10-15%之間[7]。受感染的椰樹一般都有四年到七年大，但受感染後其經濟價值立即消失[1]。

管理

已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。

To manage this disease scouting is the most important aspect; early detection of infected trees may save plantations. If an infected tree is found it must be removed, treated with herbicide and cut down. Leaving the stump behind can lead to vector reproduction and spread the nematode. Trapping the vector is another strategy, reducing the disease incidence from 10% to 1%.[8]

参考文献

1. 陳珮臻. (PDF). 植物重要防疫檢疫病害診斷鑑定技術研習會專刊. 2004, 三: 97–104 （中文（繁體）‎）.
2. 松材线虫病 页面存档备份，存于
3. Goodey, J Basil. . Nematologica. 1960, 5 (2): 98–102. ISSN 1875-2926. doi:10.1163/187529260X00460 （英语）.
4. CABI/EPPO (1999). Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 786. CAB INTERNATIONAL. Wallingford, UK.
5. Blair, Gaston P.; Darling, H. M. . Nematologica. 1968, 14: 395–403. ISSN 1875-2926. doi:10.1163/187529260X00075 （英语）.
6. Chinchilla 1991
7. Esser, R. P. and J.A. Meredith (1987). Red ring nematode. Fla. Dept. Agric.& Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Ind., Nema. Circ. No. 141.
8. Oehlschlager 2002

• Chinchilla CM. (1991). The red ring little leaf syndrome in oil palm and coconut palm. ASD Oil Palm Papers No. 1, 1-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062423/http://www.asd-cr.com/ASD-Pub/Bol01/b01c1.htm (21 June 2009).
• Oehlschlager, A. C., Chinchilla, Carlos, Castillo, Geovani, and Gonzalez, Lilliana (2002). Control of Red Ring Disease by Mass Trapping of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Florida Entomologist 85(3): 507-513.

外部連結

• 維基物種中有關椰子红环腐线虫的數據
• http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/nematode/red_ring_nematode.htm
• Pine wilt disease. American Phytopathological Society.
• Forest living things 00154 Pine wilt nematode (Japanese)
• Forest living things 00155 Monochamus alternatus (Japanese)
• Forest living things 00253 Monochamus satuluarius (Japanese)
• Forest living things 00264 Trogossita japonica prey beetle, hope to decrease sawyers
• Forest living things 00284 Dastarcus helophoroides Parasitoid beetle, hope to decrease sawyers

Template:Palm oil