海菊蛤屬

海菊蛤属; 化石时期：Mesozoic–Present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	海菊蛤（S. regius）的外殼
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	双壳纲 Bivalvia
目：	莺蛤目 Pteriida
科：	海菊蛤科 Spondylidae; Gray, 1826
属：	海菊蛤属 Spondylus; Linnaeus, 1758
屬
	見內文

海菊蛤，又稱海菊貝、紅螺、車蠔，是海扇蛤目的其中一科（海菊蛤科；），以及此科下唯一的屬（海菊蛤屬；）。海菊蛤的外觀與牡蠣科相似，但其外殼帶有紅色。其殼內之肉可供食用，中國的西沙海域盛產的紅螺，特別鮮味[1]。海菊蛤物種的型態及分佈範圍差異頗大，但牠們其實與扇貝屬於同一個總科。與牡蠣科物種黏合在岩石上不同，海菊蛤都以足絲來固定。

物種

Pacific thorny oyster, S. crassisquama Lamark, 1819, from the Sea of Cortez, Mexico

The interior of two fossil valves of Spondylus from the Pliocene of Cyprus

於夏威夷採集的貓舌海菊蛤（Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847

S. americanus Hermann, 1781 — Atlantic thorny oyster
S. anacanthus Mawe, 1823 — nude thorny oyster
S. barbatus Reeve, 1856
S. butleri Reeve, 1856
S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857
S. clarksoni Limpus, 1992
S. crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 (S. princeps Broderip, 1833) — Pacific thorny oyster
血色海菊蛤 S. cruentus Lischke, 1868
S. cumingii Sowerby, 1847
S. dutempleanus Linnaeus, 1758
S. echinatus Schreibers, 1793
S. erectospinus Habe,1973
S. erinaceus Reeve, 1856
异棘海菊蛤 S. gaederopus Linnaeus, 1758 — European thorny oyster
S. gilvus Reeve, 1856
S. groschi Lamprell & Kilburn, 1995
S. gussoni (O. G Costa, 1829)
S. hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder, 1938
S. hystrix Röding, 1798
S. ictericus Reeve, 1856
S. imbutus Reeve, 1856
S. imperialis Chenu, 1843
S. japonicus Kur — Japanese spiny oyster
S. lamarcki Chenu, 1845
S. layardi Reeve, 1856
貓舌海菊蛤 S. linguaefelis

Sowerby, 1847[2]

S. longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819
S. marisrubri Röding, 1798
S. microlepos Lamarck, 1819
S. multimuricatus Reeve, 1856
S. multisetosus Reeve, 1856
S. nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
S. occidens Sowerby, 1903
S. plurispinosus Reeve, 1856
S. powelli Smith, 1892
S. pratii Parth, 1990
猩猩海菊蛤 S. regius Linnaeus, 1758 — regal thorny oyster
S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852
S. senegalensis Schreibers, 1793
S. setiger Reeve, 1846
S. sinensis Schreibers, 1793
S. smythaea Lamprell, 1998
S. somalicus M. Parth & R. Philippe, 1992
S. squamosus Schreibers, 1793
S. tenellus Reeve, 1856
藍巨海菊蛤 S. varius Sowerby,1829
S. variegatus Schreibers, 1793
S. versicolor Schreibers, 1793
S. vexillum Reeve, 1856
S. wrightianus Crosse, 1872 — Wright's thorny oyster
S. zonalis Lamarck, 1819

A view of the colorful mantle edges of a live thorny oyster from East Timor: The eyes can be seen on the fringe between the mantle and the shell.

參考資料

《舌尖上的中國》
. 蠔宅. [2018-01-09].

外部連結

在塞浦路斯發現的上新世異棘海菊蛤化石。

Spondylus Session Abstracts on Spondylus research at the 13th Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Zadar, Croatia, September 2007
Information about Spondylus from the website of the Gladys Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum
Article on "notched" Spondylus Neolithic artifacts in Europe

參考書目

A full and constantly updated bibliography on Spondylus spp. in Aegean, Balkan, European and American contexts

史前歐洲

F. IFANTIDIS/M. NIKOLAIDOU (eds.), 2011.Spondylus in Prehistory: New Data and Approaches. Contributions to the Archaeology of Shell Technologies (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, Int. Ser. 2216)
P. HALSTEAD, 1993. Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: Specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation? Antiquity 67: 603–609.
Vl. PODBORSKÝ (Hrsg.), 2002. Dvĕpohřebištĕ Neolitického lidu s Lineární Keramikou ve Vedrovicích na Moravĕ (Brno, Masarykovy University Philosophy Faculty Dept. of Archaeology and Museology).
J. RODDEN, 1970. The Spondylus-shell trade and the beginnings of the Vinča culture. In:Actes du VIIe Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques: 411-413 (Praha: Akademia Nauk).
M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, 2000. Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien: Phoibos Verlag) 423-437.
M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, Spondylus and Long-Distance Trade in Prehistoric Europe In: Anthony, D. W. (ed.), The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. (Princeton) 179-189.
J. SHACKLETON/H. ELDERFIELD, 1993. Strontium isotope dating of the source of Neolithic European Spondylus shell artefacts. Antiquity 64: 312-315.
N. SHACKLETON/C. RENFREW, 1970. Neolithic trade routes realigned by oxygen isotope analyses. Nature 228: 1062-5.
H. TODOROVA, 2000. Die Spondylus-Problematik heute. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien, Phoibos Verlag) 415-422.
Sl. VENCL, 1959. Spondylove šperky v podunajskem Neolitů, Archeologicke Rozhledy 9: 699-742.

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[1] 《舌尖上的中國》

[2] . 蠔宅. [2018-01-09].