生存还是毁灭

“生存还是毁灭”（英語：）是莎士比亞的一齣戲剧《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一場，哈姆雷特王子一段句白的第一句；很多人也會用這句來指整段句白。它是世界文學中常見被引用的一句 整句的全文 是:To be or not to be, that is the question

而 整段句白 是：

To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether it’s nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep:
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause: there's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover'd country from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pitch and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.--Soft you now!
The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons
Be all my sins remember'd".
  • 其翻译（朱生豪译本）為：
生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；
默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，
或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，
通过斗争把它们扫清，
这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？
死了；睡着了；什么都完了；
要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，
以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，
那正是我们求之不得的结局。
死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；
嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，
在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。
人們甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；
谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，
要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？
谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，
倘不是因为害怕不可知的死後，害怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之國，
是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们寧愿忍受目前的折磨，
不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？
这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，
决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，
伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，
也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。
且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！
——女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。

文学评论(英文)

    "To be, or not to be" is one of the most widely known and quoted lines in modern English, and the soliloquy has been referenced in innumerable works of theatre, literature and music. Hamlet is commonly depicted as reciting the first line while holding a skull, although both occur at separate times—the soliloquy is done in Act III, Scene I; while the contemplation of the skull is done in Act V, Scene I.

    Much of the plot of 1942 sophisticated comedy To Be or Not to Be, by Ernst Lubitsch, is focused on the monologue of Hamlet; in 1957 comedy film A King in New York, Charlie Chaplin recites the famous monologue in the shoes of the ambiguous king Shahdov.

    Hamlet's famous line inspired the title of Kurt Vonnegut's 1962 short story 2 B R 0 2 B (The zero is pronounced "naught"). The narrative takes place in a dystopian future where the United States government, through scientific advancement, has achieved a “cure” for both aging and overpopulation. The alphabetical/numerical reformulation of Shakespeare's lines serves in the story as the phone number for the Federal Bureau of Termination's assisted suicide request line.

    In 1963 at a debate in Oxford, Black liberation leader Malcolm X quoted the first few lines of the soliloquy to make a point about "extremism in defense of liberty."

    P.D. James' dystopian novel The Children of Men (1992) refers to expected or forced mass suicides of the elderly as "Quietus". The film adaptation Children of Men (2006) portrays a self-administered home suicide kit, labelled "Quietus".

    Last Action Hero (1993) has Jack Slater parody the phrase before blowing up a building behind him just by smoking a cigar. His version has him say "To be, or not to be? Not to be."

    Star Trek's sixth film was named after the "Undiscovered Country" line from this soliloquy. References are made to Shakespeare during the film including Klingon translations of his works and the use of the phrase "taH pagh, taHbe' ", roughly meaning "whether to continue, or not to continue [existence]."

    The book (and later film) What Dreams May Come also derives its name from a line from this soliloquy. A shorter Hindi version of "To be, or not to be" was recited by Shahid Kapoor in the 2014 Bollywood film Haider.

    Stargate Atlantis, the Season 4 Episode 10 named "This Mortal Coil" (2008) after the soliloquy, as well as Season 4 Episode 11 named "Be All My Sins Remember'd" (2008). These episodes involved learning about and fighting the artificial intelligence species Replicator.

    There are numerous snowclones based on the phrase, such as "To hack or not to hack", etc.

    The virtuoso soliloquy in Carl Michael Bellman's Fredman's Epistle "Ack du min moder" was described by the poet and literary historian Oscar Levertin as "the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature".

    外部链接
    英語维基文库中与本条目相关的原始文献：
    哈姆雷特
    维基语录上的相关摘錄： 生存还是毁灭
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