鋰的同位素
鋰(原子量:6.941(2))目前共觀測到11個同位素,其中有2個是穩定的,分別是6Li和7Li,除了穩定的之外,半衰期最長的是8Li,半衰期有838毫秒,其次是9Li,有187.3毫秒,之後其他的同位素半衰期都在8.6毫秒以下。而4Li是所有同位素裡面半衰期最短的同位素,只有7.58043×10-23秒。
天然鋰元素樣品中6Li的含量可能可以低至3.75%。 因此7Li的含量可以高達96.25%。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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圖表
| 符號 | Z(p ) | N(n ) | 同位素質量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激發能量 | |||||||||
| 3 Li |
3 | 0 | 3.030775#[3] | p | 2 He |
||||
| 4 Li |
3 | 1 | 4.02719(23) | 91(9)×10−24 s [6.03 MeV] |
p | 3 He |
|||
| 5 Li |
3 | 2 | 5.01254(5) | 370(30)×10−24 s [~1.5 MeV] |
p | 4 He |
3/2− | ||
| 6 Li |
3 | 3 | 6.015122795(16) | 稳定 | 1+ | [0.0759(4)] | 0.07714–0.07225 | ||
| 7 Li[n 2] |
3 | 4 | 7.01600455(8) | 穩定 | 3/2− | [0.9241(4)] | 0.92275–0.92786 | ||
| 8 Li |
3 | 5 | 8.02248736(10) | 840.3(9) ms | β− | 8 Be[n 3] |
2+ | ||
| 9 Li |
3 | 6 | 9.0267895(21) | 178.3(4) ms | β−, n (50.8%) | 8 Be[n 4] |
3/2− | ||
| β− (49.2%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
| 10 Li |
3 | 7 | 10.035481(16) | 2.0(5)×10−21 s [1.2(3) MeV] |
n | 9 Li |
(1−,2−) | ||
| 10m1 Li |
200(40) keV | 3.7(15)×10−21 s | 1+ | ||||||
| 10m2 Li |
480(40) keV | 1.35(24)×10−21 s | 2+ | ||||||
| 11 Li[n 5] |
3 | 8 | 11.043798(21) | 8.75(14) ms | β−, n (84.9%) | 10 Be |
3/2− | ||
| β− (8.07%) | 11 Be | ||||||||
| β−, 2n (4.1%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
| β−, 3n (1.9%) | 8 Be[n 6] | ||||||||
| β−, α (1.0%) | 7 He, 4 He | ||||||||
| β−, SF (.014%) | 8 Li, 3 H | ||||||||
| β−, SF (.013%) | 9 Li, 2 H | ||||||||
| 12 Li |
3 | 9 | 12.05378(107)# | <10 ns | n | 11 Li |
|||
| 13 Li[4] |
3 | 10 | (13)# | ||||||
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
註釋
- 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示
- Produced in 太初核合成
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 8Li → 24He + e−
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 9Li → 24He + 1n + e−
- Has 2 halo neutrons
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 11Li → 24He + 31n + e−
參考文獻
- Meija, Juris; 等. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- . Nucleonica. [2012-09-27].
- . [20 October 2013].
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Interactive Table of Nuclides nndc.bnl.gov [2015-9-14]
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 氦的同位素 | 鋰的同位素 | 鈹的同位素 |
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