国家化身
国家化身是一个国家的人格化形象,通过拟人化或物像化的方式来代表一个国家。波蘭球及黑塔利亞是大量使用擬人化的著作,而中國大陸的《那年那兔那些事》就用擬動物來比喻國家。
國家象徵 |
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西方国家通常采用智慧和战争之神雅典娜作为国家化身,并采用罗马帝国的行省的名称来命名,西亞國家大多使用老鷹或禿鷹的國家化身,如埃及和南葉門,東南亞和南亞則是使用老虎或大象如印度和泰國,和經濟崛起的亞洲四小虎們,遠東國家則大多使用神龍作為其國家化身,尤其是亞洲。台灣,香港,新加坡和南韓則因此被稱為亞洲四小龍(不過英文原版稱呼叫「亞洲四小虎」),整合亞洲的新亞運會旗象徵正是被老鷹和神龍雙方圍繞著,代表西亞和東亞的結合,非洲國家則大多以獅子斑馬等非洲野生動物當作他們的國家化身,或者更傳統帶有本地鮮明色彩的黑色人種。
国家化身一览

- 阿根廷:高乔人
- 亚美尼亚:亚美尼亚母亲(Mayr Hayasdan)
- 澳大利亚:拳击袋鼠, 来自曼利的小男孩
- 加拿大:Johnny Canuck, Mountie, Big Joe Mufferaw
- 智利:the huaso, the roto, Condorito, Doña Juanita
- 中國:中国龍, 鳳凰, 大熊猫, 兔(动漫《那年那兔那些事》), 猫(动漫《如果历史是一群喵》)
- 丹麦:Holger Danske
- 芬兰:Aura the Finnish Maiden
- 法国:玛丽安娜, Jacobin, Uncle Francois,高盧雄雞
- 德国:日耳曼妮娅, Deutscher Michel, Onkel Hans
- 冰岛:Woman of the mountains - 'Fjallkonan' in Icelandic
- 爱尔兰:Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Hibernia
- 印度:婆羅多母親
- 以色列:Srulik
- 意大利:Italia Turrita
- 日本:相扑手, 天照大神, 日本武士
- 马来西亚:Pak Belang or other name Harimau Malaya
- 墨西哥:Miguel Hidalgo, Pancho Villa
- 挪威:Ola Nordmann, Kari Nordmann, historically Nór
- 菲律宾:Juan dela Cruz, Inang Bayan
- 葡萄牙:Zé Povinho
- 魁北克:Le Vieux de '37
- 俄罗斯:俄罗斯母亲,祖國母親,北極熊,俄羅斯熊
- 南非:Van Der Merwe
- 瑞典:Mother Svea, Svensson
- 瑞士:Helvetia, Colin Tampon
- 土耳其:Asena
- 英国:不列颠尼亚,约翰牛
- 美国:白頭鷹,自由女神,山姆大叔,历史上曾使用过乔纳森兄弟和哥伦比亚女神
- 美国南部邦联:Johnny Rebel
- 美利坚合众国:Billy Yank
- 美国老西部:Johnny Appleseed, Pecos Bill, Paul Bunyan
- 委内瑞拉:Juan Bimba
國家或地區的擬人化
Country | Personification |
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阿爾巴尼亞之母 |
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Mother Armenia(Mayr Hayastan; lit. "Mother Hayastan") |
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Boxing kangaroo |
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Austria |
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Efígie da República, the Candango(only in Brasília), the Bandeirante(only in São Paulo state) |
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Preah Thaong and Neang Neak |
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騎警, 強尼.卡努克, Le Vieux de '37(French Canada), Adam Dollard des Ormeaux(used during the two World Wars as a military example), Miss Canada, Mother Canada(at the Vimy Memorial) |
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Svejk |
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El Roto, El Huaso, La Carmela, Doña Juanita(an average Chilean woman from the countryside) |
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Holger Danske |
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Anacaona |
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Mother of the World(Om El Donia) |
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約翰牛 |
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歐羅巴 |
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Finnish Maiden(Suomi-neito) |
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瑪麗安娜, 高盧雄雞 |
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Germany: Germania, Arminius (Hermann der Cherusker), Deutscher Michel. In addition to these, a German cartoon of 1904 shows Emperor William II. representing Germany, in company with John Bull and Marianne - see image in Entente Cordiale
Bavaria: Bavaria, Berlin: Berolina, Franconia: Franconia, Hamburg: Hammonia, Prussia: Borussia, Palatinate: Palatia, Saxony: Saxonia |
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雅典娜, "Greece" of 歐仁.德拉克洛瓦 |
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胡安.普韋布洛 |
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Hungária/ Hunnia |
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The Lady of the Mountains(Fjallkonan) |
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Ériu, Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Hibernia |
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婆羅多母親, The Common Man |
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Ibu Pertiwi |
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Srulik |
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Italia Turrita |
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天照大神, 日本武士 |
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洪吉童, 兩班 |
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Melita |
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Miguel Hidalgo, Adelita |
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成吉思汗 |
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Hans Brinker(outside the Netherlands), De Leeuw van Oranje, de Nederlandse Maagd` ("Netherlands Maiden"),(Zeeland: Zeeuws Meisje) |
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Kiwi, Zealandia, Southern man(for the South Island) |
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Ola Nordmann, Kari Nordmann, hist. Nór |
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Pak Watan is a national personification and a term of endearment for Pakistan. |
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Handala |
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The chalán, La Madre Patria |
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Juan dela Cruz, Maria Clara |
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Polonia |
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Zé Povinho, Eu nacional (National Self), Lusitania, República |
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俄羅斯母親/Mother Motherland, Russian Bear |
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Jock Tamson |
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Saint Sava |
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Kranjski Janez("John from Carniola", an average man from Slovenia's central region), Peter Klepec |
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Van Der Merwe |
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Hispania, Juan Español |
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Mother Svea |
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Helvetia |
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Anatolia |
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不列顛尼亞, 約翰牛 |
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山姆大叔(美國政府的象徵), 自由女神, 哥倫比亞, 白頭海雕, 喬納森兄弟(obsolete), Johnny Rebel(The South, obsolete), Billy Yank(The North, obsolete) |
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Cossack Mamay |
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祖國之母 |
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Juan Bimba(obsolete) |
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Dame Wales, Deffroad Cymru, the Awakening of Wales |
圖集

德拉克洛瓦, Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi(1827)

1914的海報顯示,瑪麗安娜.俄羅斯母親和不列顛尼亚,分別象徵法.俄.英三國

在斯德哥爾摩一棟建築物上的斯維亞母親雕像,象徵著瑞典

一次世界大战中,約翰牛的徵兵海報.

Brazilian Constitutionalist Revolution recruiting poster, showing a Bandeirante with the dictator of Brazil, 热图利奥·巴尔加斯, in his hand.

Zé Povinho, caricature of a Portuguese working class man of the 19th century

In this 1806 French print, the woman with the Menorah represents the Jews being emancipated by Napoleon Bonaparte

James Gillray's cartoon on the 1803 Peace of Amiens, features a fat and non-marital Britannia kissing "Citizen François", a perosnifiaction of Revolutionary France never used by the French themselves

Romania Breaking off Her Chains on the Field of Liberty. also by C. D. Rosenthal

A later depiction of Romania as a woman in a World War I French caricature

The figures in this late 18th century painting by Shiba Kōkan represent Japan, China, and the West.

哥倫比亞,美國的化身(一戰的愛國海報)

Polonia(Poland), by Jan Matejko, painted after the failure of the 1863 January Uprising

Lady of the mountain in Iceland.